Kyphosis, also known as **roundback** or **hunchback**, is a condition in which the upper spine develops an **excessive forward curvature**. The **thoracic spine** normally has a slight curve to **absorb shock** and **support the head**, but **kyphosis** occurs when this curve becomes **too pronounced**.

If you have kyphosis, you may notice:

• A **visible hump** on the upper back.
• A **rounded posture** or a tendency to slouch.
• Potential **pressure on the lungs**, leading to breathing difficulties.

In elderly women, **kyphosis** is often referred to as **dowager’s hump**.

In mild cases, kyphosis may not be noticeable, but in more severe cases, it can cause:

• **Back pain**
• **Stiffness** in the upper back
• A **rounded appearance** of the back
• **Tight hamstrings**, affecting posture and movement

Treatment depends on the **cause and severity** of the kyphotic curve. Many teens with **postural kyphosis** experience **improvement over time**, often with an **exercise program** to relieve back pain.

Nonsurgical Treatment

For **Scheuermann’s kyphosis**, an initial treatment plan may include:

• **Exercise programs** to strengthen back muscles.
• **Anti-inflammatory medications** for discomfort.
• If the patient is still growing, a **brace** may be prescribed until they reach **skeletal maturity**.

Surgical Treatment

Surgery is generally **recommended if the kyphotic curve exceeds 75°**. The goals of surgery are to:

• **Reduce the curvature** by straightening and **fusing** the affected spinal segments.
• **Maintain the correction** over time.
• **Relieve significant back discomfort** if present before surgery.