Spinal infections may occur **following surgery** or **spontaneously** in patients with certain risk factors. Risk factors include:

• Poor nutrition
• Immune suppression
• HIV infection
• Cancer
• Diabetes
• Obesity

Symptoms of a spinal infection vary from **subtle** to **severe** and may include:

• Fever and chills
• Headache and neck stiffness
• Back pain
• Wound redness, tenderness, or drainage
• Numbness, weakness, or tingling in the arms/legs

Nonsurgical Treatment

For mild to moderate spinal infections, **antibiotic or antifungal medications** are commonly prescribed. Treatment duration depends on the severity of the infection and the organism causing it:

• Antibiotics or antifungals may be administered **intravenously (IV) or orally**.
• Treatment duration typically ranges from **7-10 days to 6-12 weeks**.
• Some patients require a **central line for long-term IV treatment**, which can be administered at home with a healthcare provider.
• A **brace may be recommended** to support the spine and alleviate pain during recovery.

Surgical Treatment

Surgery may be necessary in cases of **postoperative infections**, spinal instability, or severe weakness caused by the infection. Surgical options include:

• **Wound debridement** – Removing infected tissue to prevent further spread.
• **Irrigation and drainage** – Washing out the infection site.
• **Spinal stabilization surgery** – Required when the infection causes instability.
• **Pressure relief surgery** – Performed when the infection compresses the spinal cord.

In some cases, **wounds cannot be closed immediately**, requiring **dressing changes multiple times a day** over a period of weeks until healing occurs.